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- WORLD, Page 38BRAZILPutting His Best Foot Forward
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- President-elect Collor is young, attractive -- and in need of
- luck
-
- By Michael S. Serrill/Reported by Laura Lopez/Brasilia
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- In political terms, he came from nowhere: a well-bred
- landowner's son and former governor from the tropical
- hinterland who compared himself with Jimmy Carter. The
- similarities do not go far: like Carter, he ran against the
- federal government, tilting at its waste and mismanagement, but
- when it came to down-and-dirty campaigning, he seemed more like
- Richard Nixon. The combination worked: last week, after a heated
- runoff election, Fernando Collor de Mello, 40, won 43% of the
- vote, vs. his leftist opponent's 38%, to emerge as Brazil's
- first popularly elected President in 29 years. Scheduled to take
- office in Brasilia on March 15 to serve a five-year term, the
- conservative politician will be the youngest chief executive in
- his country's history.
-
- Many might wonder why he sought the distinction. Brazil,
- with a population of 147 million, is now the eighth largest
- economy in the noncommunist world -- and one of the sickest.
- Under President Jose Sarney, who took office in 1985, it has run
- up the Third World's largest foreign debt ($110 billion), is
- being choked by bureaucracy and is mired in hyperinflation.
- Collor's credentials for curing those woes are slender: he
- served only one term in the National Congress, and the sleepy
- northeastern state he governed, Alagoas, has only 2.3 million
- people. Last week, however, Collor exuded confidence. "The
- problems of Brazil cannot be solved by a party or a small group
- of people," he declared, adding that he would seek a "wide
- national understanding" on social reforms to revive the country.
-
- Consensus may be difficult to attain after the polarized
- election campaign. The runoff contest narrowed the 21-candidate
- field to Collor and a gritty dark-horse opponent, Luis Inacio
- Lula da Silva, a union leader and former industrial lathe
- operator who heads the leftist Workers' Party. Lula pounded away
- at populist themes -- he warned Collor that his landholdings
- would be subject to agrarian reform -- and outpointed the young
- conservative in the first of two televised debates. Toward the
- campaign's close, Collor took the low road, airing campaign
- spots that featured the married Lula's former lover, but the two
- continued to run neck and neck. Only at the end did the
- conservative pull away.
-
- The victory marked an extraordinarily quick rise by Collor,
- scion of a wealthy political and publishing family in Alagoas.
- His father Arnon de Mello, a federal Senator, earned a bizarre
- niche in Brazilian history in 1963 when he shot a fellow
- legislator to death on the Senate floor. The elder Collor served
- several months in jail before it was decided that he had acted
- in self-defense.
-
- Fernando Collor eventually took over management of the
- family media properties in Alagoas, which today include a
- newspaper, several radio stations and the local affiliate of the
- powerful Globo private television network. In 1979, the military
- government of the day appointed Collor mayor of the Alagoan
- capital, Maceio. In 1982 he was elected a federal deputy, and
- in 1986 he returned to Alagoas as governor.
-
- Collor used the position shrewdly to create a national
- reputation for himself as the "hunter of maharajas" -- elite
- civil servants who earn exorbitant salaries, often for no-show
- jobs. Collor launched a campaign against the practice by setting
- a ceiling on officials' salaries and restricting use of state
- funds for the purchase of cars, houses and other amenities. The
- move struck a chord among ordinary Brazilians, who resent the
- privileges of the bureaucracy and its suffocating inefficiency.
-
- During his presidential campaign, Collor hammered away at
- the antigovernment, antibureaucracy theme. He promised to
- privatize many of Brazil's oversize state industries, strip away
- excessive layers of government staffing, crack down on waste and
- corruption, bring the federal budget in line with reality and
- reduce inflation to 3% a month -- low by Brazilian standards.
- He also promised to spend $94 billion on housing, education and
- health services for the poor. Collor's resulting popularity
- among the country's shirt-sleeved masses, declared a bitter
- Lula, is undeserved. The President-elect, he predicted, "will
- govern in favor of big business, the armed forces and the
- International Monetary Fund."
-
- There is certainly no shortage of skepticism about Collor's
- chances of succeeding, even though Brazil's foreign bankers
- generally approved of the people's choice. "No Brazilian
- politician has a shred of credibility in the marketplace," says
- Lawrence Brainard, a senior vice president at Bankers Trust, a
- major Brazilian creditor. "So people will simply discard what
- Collor said prior to elections and see what he actually does."
-
- Collor's skills as a political tactician will also be
- tested. His power base, the National Reconstruction Party,
- controls only a few seats in the congress. The new President
- will need to create alliances with centrist parties and rely on
- a bandwagon effect from his victory to govern effectively.
- Though he denies it, Collor is known to be deeply superstitious,
- never entering a room, for example, except with his right foot
- first. Now he needs to keep his right foot forward for five long
- years.
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